Malignant Hyperthermia Essay -- Medical Biology Disease

Malignant HyperthermiaAbstractA patient, waiting to undergo his cardiac surgery, is imposition on a surgical platform. Ananesthesiologist enters the surgical room and injects some general anesthetics into thepatients bloodstream. The patient appears normal until after a fewer minutes, the patientsuddenly experiences increasing body temperatures leading to a high fever, musclerigidity, and increased heart rate. The anesthesiologist is perturbed, runs out of thesurgery room, and alerts the surgical module of the patients alarming symptoms. Thesurgical staff identifies the symptoms as Malignant Hyperthermia. What exactly isMalignant Hyperthermia and how is it caused? Malignant Hyperthermia, a rare skeletal knock-down(a) disease found in humans, pigs, horses, and many other animals, is achannelopathy caused by abnormal calcium channels. This paper serves to investigate theproblems within the specific ion channels know to cause the disease. The goal of thepaper is to understand more ab out Malignant Hyperthermia and about how particular ionchannels associated with the disease operate. Learning about the interpersonal chemistry behind thedisease is crucial in order to prevent future occurrences of Malignant Hyperthermia andto design new treatments.IntroductionMalignant hyperthermia is a fatal, inherited disorder that affects less than 200,000people in the United States. 1 As mentioned in the abstract, Malignant Hyperthermia ischannelopathy, or a disease caused by mutations in channel protein genes. MalignantHyperthermia is triggered by anesthetics, which includes common inhalants, and bymedication containing succinylcholine, a substance often used as a muscle relaxant inemergency medicines. 2 After the initial ... ...anodine receptor-Ca2+ release channels inmalignant hyperthermia. Biophys J. 73(4) Oct 1997 29. Jul 2008.8 Jiang, Dawei, Wenqian Chen1, Jianmin Xiao, Ruiwu Wang, Huihui Kong, Peter P.Jones, Lin Zhang, Bradley Fruen, and S. R. Wayne Chen. Reduced Thresh old forLuminal Ca2+ Activation of RyR1 Underlies a causative Mechanism of Porcine MalignantHyperthermia. J. Biol. Chem. Vol. 283, Issue 3025 July 2008. 29 Jul 2008.9 Korf, Bruce R. Korf Genetics. Human Genetics and Genomics . BlackwellPublishing. 29 Jul 2008.10 Millar, 2007. Cerebrospinal Fluid Research. 29 Jul 2008.

The West African Regional War Essay -- Politics Government Africa War

The westbound Africa Regional WarFor observers of the West Africa regional war, the recent quiet in the war-torn Mano River Union (MRU) states Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea has given rise to optimism. Guarded, as this optimism might be, the decrease in violence in West Africa during the mho half of 2001 is an important development given the scope and intensity of fighting that gripped these states earlier in the year. While observers agree that the current absence of widespread flushed conflict in the MRU is a much-welcomed development, it must not mask the profound cleavages within these societies, the tenuous nature of the UN-imposed peace in Sierra Leone, and the continued effective threat of renewed warfare in the region. A brief overview of the horrendous and persistent conflicts that have engulfed the MRU over the past decade underscores the need for vigilance by the international community in its pursuit of lasting peace in West Africa. The past dozen years of violent conflict in West Africa have led to the death, injury, and mutilation of hundreds of thousands of people and the displacement of one thousand thousands more. Conservative estimates place the total number of war-related deaths during the seven-year civil war in Liberia (1989 1996) at 150,000, more than 5 pct of Liberias estimated population (SIPRI Yearbook, 1996). But this number only begins to tell the story of the horror that civil war brought to this small nation of 2.8 million United Nations Development Program (UNDP), military personnel Development Report, 1995. Hundreds of thousands more Liberians were injured, displaced, and terrorized by the conflict, and today the tiny state remains the hostage of its corrupt and brutal dictator, Charles Taylor. After the war spread into Sierra Leone in 1991, it had a similarly devastating effect. As in Liberia, armed insurgents preyed on the rural populations, raping, pillaging, and forcefully inducting children into their ranks. During th e eight years of warfare that followed, it is estimated (conservatively) that over 60,000 of Sierra Leones estimated 4.2 million inhabitants were killed and hundreds of thousands more injured, mutilated, and displaced (SIPRI Yearbook, 2001 UNDP, Human Development Report, 1995). The 2001 UNDP Human Development Report ranks Sierra Leone last out of the 162 nations rated on the human development index (HDI), a composite plant ... ...ll play in the future of the region. 6.Develop a mid- and long-term regional plan for West Africa that accounts for big-picture economic and human development trends. 7.Implement the Africa Growth and hazard Act as soon as possible and draft and then implement AGOA II, thus extending the number of products covered by the legislation. 8.Buttress socio-economic development in Nigeria, the most populous and perhaps most important U.S. ally in sub-Saharan Africa. 9.Cut off financial resources to warlords who gain sustenance from non-state profiteers like bal l field and timber buyers as well as from state actors intent on creating instability to further their own political and economic goals. 10.Continue military attention to the key regional armies to professionalize them and build linkages with the United States. 11.Speed up debt forgiveness, especially for those countries that play by the rules and are in the process of socio-economic liberalization. 12.Increase attend to to the region as an investment in stability, socio-economic development, and the creation of new markets for the United States and to help prevent state collapse.

The Dangers of Shirking Responsibility in Arthur Millers All My Sons

The Dangers of Shirking Responsibilityin Arthur Millers All My Sons Arthur Millers All My Sons is a well-made play in every sense of that term. It not only is carefully and logically constructed, but addresses its themes fully and effectively. The play communicates different ideas on war, materialism, family, and honesty. However, the main focus, especially at the plays climax, is the subject of personal responsibility. In particular, Miller demonstrates the dangers of shirking responsibility and, then, ascribing blame to others. Nearly every character in All My Sons, in one way or another, fails to take responsibility. The Keller family, as a whole, is severely dysfunctional in that they keep secrets and tell lies at every turn. Chris, the most reliable character, understands that his family has made a nasty mistake with Mother . . . . Being dishonest with her (Miller 620). He realizes that there are consequences to such behavior. Indeed, as a result, Kate is on the verge of being delusional. She clings to the unrealistic anticipate that her son, Larry, will return from the war and marry his childhood sweetheart, Ann. For these hopes to prove false would, in her eyes, show for certain that there is no God. She says, Theres God, so certain things freighter never happen (627). Yet Kate is not just a victim of this irresponsible behavior. She contributes to it. She, too, makes excuses for her actions, making it seem as though she cannot be any more abominable for her conduct than she already is. She tells Chris that she and Joe are stupid people. We dont know anything and tells Chris that he has to protect them (633). However, it is Joe who is the most irresponsible character within ... ...amily wanted money, he did it, and thats got to excuse it . . . For Nothin is big, and he adds that if theres something bigger than that Ill put a bullet in my head (649). That is what he does. Suicide is the sad, harrowing conclusion for him and his family because he had not faced up to his wrongs earlier. Chris was, for the most part, the share of wisdom in this play whose words of honesty and its importance should have been heeded. He states, That kind of thing always pays off, and now its paying off (620). In the end, he does take his own words to heart that theres a universe of people outside and youre responsible to it (653). He begins to blame on himself for his fathers suicide, and Kate tells him, Dont dear. Dont take it on yourself (653). plant CitedMiller, Arthur. ?All My Sons.? New York Penguin Group, 2000.

House on Mango Street Essay -- Book Review Poverty Education Essays

House on mango tree Street The story themes and implications for didactics from the House on Mango Street come from showing how todays society has low expectations for those in the internal city. This book can be used to show what inner life is the likes of and how these people atomic number 18 looked at and treated by others in society. Using this book in the classroom can be beneficial because many people have negative preconceptions of what life is re all in all(a)y like as a minority. I know that I think of inner city schools and the students that attend them as underprivileged and dont hold them to the same standards as I do others from smaller more suburban towns. Going to Milwaukee this semester has been a culture shock and I think that reading this book compliments are experiences doing our observation and participation. This story is ab fall out a young Spanish girlfriend, Esperanza, who is growing up in the Latino section of Chicago. She is embarrassed of whe re she broods because of the poor conditions of her house, the mice that run freely around her, and the neighborhood she comes from. Her neighborhood is inner city living where the cops are looked at as the enceinte people in the neighborhood, homeless people sleep in the streets, and she has downn many other bad things including rape and abuse. Esperanza struggles to fit into her new home because she has moved so often. She cant find and keep friends. Esperanza doesnt want to fit though because all she can think about is getting out of there and having the white picket fence in the suburbs someday. She does not consider her house on Mango Street her home. It is more of a temporary dwelling until she can get out of there. She works hard at a young age to patron her family with the money problems. The story is also about finding some good friends in her new home and her adventures with them. The most evoke themes, issues and characters are Esperanza and her dreams o f getting out of the house on Mango Street. This book keeps you captured by telling stories of how she wants to get out of the city and off Mango Street. They are all very interesting and this is what makes the book so fun to read. Making friends and keeping them is also an important issue in this young girls life because she moves so often. I think these things are interesting because I can relate to wanting to get out of where I was when I ... ...go Street. It is eye opening and after taking this class and others like it, I look at these books in a different light. This book seemed like an accurate portrayal of what life must have been like for this girl and I could tell I was emotionally into it. I could feel her pain even though I have not gone through these things beginning(a) hand as she has. It was a sad story but I think it got the point across without saying feel sorry for me because I remain in the inner city. This book can be used with students to show that pe ople from diverse populations are just like you and me. They just want to live a healthy and fulfilling life with friends and family. Most of them are trying to make a better life for themselves any way possible. This will help my students see others as equals and not as people of lesser value. I think it can also be used with inner city children to show that zip is going to feel sorry for them and if they want a better life than they have to earn it themselves. Nobody is going to give them free hand outs all their lives and if they want something bad enough then they have to work for it. This book can be a powerful tool in teaching that to students.

Comparing Irvings Rip Van Winkle and The Devil and Tom Walker :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

An Analysis of Irvings Rip Van Winkle and The Devil and tom Walker           cap Irving was one of the first American writers to write any kind of  fantasy story or writing.  At first he tried to pass his stories as real life accounts found in a dead mans dresser. The start of one states that it is real and has been deemed so by collages and some museums.  After he motto how much people liked his stories he published all of them in The Sketch Book of Godfred Crayon, Gent.. This Collection became famous overnight. His stories were also successful in England and Europe. nigh of his stories have many similarities and differences. Rip VanWinkle and The Devil and Tom Walker are two good examples.         To start of with there all around feeling and theme. outright one can tell Rip VanWinkle is set in a fantasy world right of the bat by the way Irving sort of zooms in on the scene, first he tells of the moun tains and then the town and down till hes in the room with Tom and his wife. In The Devil and Tom Walker the author gives some info on the situation and the charters and then just jumps into the story. In two of the stories you get the feeling of something supernatural is going to happen. Also in both they take place in remote areas.         Next we have the husband wife relationship in both cases. Now Rip was sort of a say nothing do nothing when it came to his house and wife. His wife would bad mouth him and yell at him, but Rip wouldnt do much anyway. He would just go off and sleep. Now Tom and his wife on the other hand would battle to the death.  Tom would yell and scream and so would his wife. Tom would hide money and so would his wife. In both of the stories they wife husband  relationship would be a turning point in both cases.           And in the end the way they both got what they wanted. In Rips case h e wanted to get rid of his wife and his jobs. He goes to the forest to escape from his wives verbal abuse. He gets his conjure by getting a new life

Comparing Irvings Rip Van Winkle and The Devil and Tom Walker :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

An Analysis of Irvings rub Van Winkle and The Devil and gobbler Walker           Washington Irving was one of the first American writers to write any kind of  fantasy story or writing.  At first he assay to pass his stories as real life accounts found in a dead mans dresser. The start of one states that it is real and has been deemed so by collages and some museums.  after(prenominal) he saw how much people liked his stories he published all of them in The Sketch Book of Godfred Crayon, Gent.. This Collection became famous overnight. His stories were also successful in England and Europe. Most of his stories have many similarities and differences. Rip VanWinkle and The Devil and turkey cock Walker are two good examples.         To start of with there all somewhat feeling and theme. Now one can tell Rip VanWinkle is set in a fantasy world right of the bat by the centering Irving sort of zooms in on th e scene, first he tells of the mountains and then the town and down till hes in the room with Tom and his wife. In The Devil and Tom Walker the author gives some info on the situation and the charters and then just jumps into the story. In both of the stories you get the feeling of something supernatural is going to happen. in addition in both they take place in remote areas.         Next we have the husband wife relationship in both cases. Now Rip was sort of a say nothing do nothing when it came to his house and wife. His wife would bad mouth him and yell at him, but Rip wouldnt do much anyway. He would just go off and sleep. Now Tom and his wife on the other hand would battle to the death.  Tom would yell and cry and so would his wife. Tom would hide money and so would his wife. In both of the stories they wife husband  relationship would be a turning point in both cases.           And last the way they both got what they wanted. In Rips case he wanted to get rid of his wife and his jobs. He goes to the forest to escape from his wives communicative abuse. He gets his wish by getting a new life

Accounting as a Language Essay

Accounting is often referred to as the language of business. It is a special- aim utensil for communication about the monetary statements and the performance of a company. This can happen through written, natural language by selecting words from a standard style combining them in meaningful ways. These words are then organised into financial reports according to relatively flexible rules of presentation. Accounting dates back to 1494 when Luca Pacioli published a book called Summa de Arithmetic. It Around the 15th century, accounting records were found amongst ruins of ancient Babylon, Assyria and Sumeria.It is suggested that people relied on accounting methods to record the growth of crops and herds. During the Roman Empire, accounting was quantified and listed as a public expenditure which included grants of land and religious offerings. Money to army veterans was also given. Current Issues affecting Accounting as a language The mitigate of the U. S dollar is a perfect example of an issue that affects accounting as a language. The objective of accounting theory is to provide a base of operations for the prediction and to explain accounting behaviour and its events. This theory assumes that a stable monetary unit is present.See more Social process essay yet decline in the purchasing power of the dollar has affected all realities and its associated languages. Events like this play a vital role as to whether a unused language of bookkeeping inevitably to be implemented. Accounting language must develop theories which are rational. There may be instances where a procedure does non appear to be reasonable. An example of this can be seen with the determination of joint product and by-product costs. The reason why this raises doubts is because it is difficult to allocate costs in a way that accurate costs can be obtained.In addition to accounting language theories organism rational is its usefulness. Theories and conclusions are constantly being tested to me asure the usefulness of the research provided. According to Harold G Avery, many systems have been neglected as it was not useful in expressing the relevant breeding to management. It is safe to say that no language will receive acceptance if it cannot be used to an advantage, as this data is relied upon to make sound business judgements and needs to be readily available. So how is this information translated to the users?Ac as a language- Financial data is used to communicate the financial positions of a entity and then translates this to its various users. It is pertinent that in order to evaluate the financial results of the entity, it is necessary that the financial statements of that particular company with either its financial results of the industry or the past results. dimension analysis is used to notice the status of the companys ability to pay its short and long term debts. It can also analyze to determine the company liquidity and debts levels, these indicators are critical in determining the business ability to continue operations into the future.IAS 1 prescribes the basis for presentation of general purpose financial statements intended to meet the needs of users who are not in a position to require an entity to prepare reports tailored to their particular information needs. IAS 1 does not specifically apply to the form, structure, and content of an interim financial report but many of the overall considerations as the need for fair presentation and consistency. globally accounting is recognized as the tool for communicating the financial statements and performance.Without a clear structure for accounting language, businesses and users alike would suffer economically as the financial statements would not be fair and true, which would be costly to us all. Accounting data is used to produce financial statements which depict a picture of entities profitability. This information enables accounting to translate this foreign language into one that is understood by its users. This purpose of this translation is to aide sound business decisions. Users who benefit from this can be shareholders, management, government, financial institutions and prospective investors.

Modified Calendar Issue

Modifying a traditional school calendar essentially means that students attend school throughout the entire year with several mini-breaks rather than an extend summer break. There are both pros and cons involved in modifying the traditional school calendar. This essay will address the pros and provide rationale for selecting one calendar over another.Traditional School CalendarGrowing up with a traditional school calendar, going to school from August until June and having the glorious three-month summer was something to gestate forward to as a child. According to Hsus article in the San Bernardino Sun, Parents said a shorter summer would limit teens chances to work and do internships, and that families would have to vitiate planned vacations (2007). Community involvement is essential for a child to nurture ownership of the community and feel a sense of belonging.The extended summer calendar worked in the past, traditionally, and it would seemingly work now, except that things have changed over the years and a modified school calendar meets some needfully of a ever-changing world. Things that were not evident in the past have become apparent and a modified school calendar creates opportunity to address some of those needs whereas a traditional calendar does not.Modified School CalendarMany parents struggle with an age-old problem of coordinating breaks and vacations with their children. Many times children have long-lasting breaks from school than the parents do from work. Shorter breaks are more reasonable and true to life in the business world, preparing children for a coming future. Harold Vollkommer, an assistant superintendent said, Longer parachute and winter recesses would provide time for students who were behind in school to take short, intensive remedial courses (2007). This type of opportunity also helps by preparing students for greater responsibilities. Additionally, children gip how to manage their time. Working in internships and volunteeri ng for the community becomes a year-round thing rather than just a summer thing.ConclusionHaving experienced both calendars, I am in favor of the modified calendar. Traditions are nice and should never be forgotten but, as time changes and new advancements are discovered and made, so must we be willing to modify a traditional way of doing things to accommodate our growth and potential.ReferencesHsu, C. (2007). Board rejects proposed school calendar changes. Retrieved January 24, 2007 from,

Apush Notes

1. The Shaping of North America 1. Recorded history began 6,000 years ago. It was euchre years ago that Europeans set foot on the Americas to begin the era of accurately eternizeed history on the continent. 2. The theory of Pangaea exists suggesting that the continents were once nest direct together into one mega-continent. The continents then spread out as drifting is set ashores. 3. Geologic forces of continental plates created the Appalachian and Rocky Mountains. 4. The Great Ice Age thrust down feather over North America and scoured the present day American Midwest. 2. Peopling the Americas 1.The Land Bridge theory 1. As the Great Ice Age diminished, so did the glaciers over North America. 2. The theory holds that a Land Bridge emerged linking Asia & North America crosswise whats today the Bering Sea. People were said to have walked crossways the bridge before the sea level rose and sealed it off and thus populated the Americas. 2. The Land Bridge is suggested as occurring an estimated 35,000 years ago. 3. Many messs emerged 1. Those groups that traversed the drop bridge spread across North, Central, and South America. 2. Countless tribes emerged with an estimated 2,000 languages.Notably 1. Incas Peru, with elaborate net go away of roads and bridges linking their empire. 2. Mayas Yucatan Peninsula, with their step pyramids. 3. Aztecs Mexico, with step pyramids and huge sacrifices of conquered peoples. 3. The Earliest Americans 1. Development of edible corn or maize around 5,000 B. C. in Mexico was revolutionary in that 1. Then, people didnt have to be hunter-gatherers, they could settle down and be farmers. 2. This fact gave hiking to towns and then cities. 3. Corn arrived in the present day U. S. around 1,200 B. C. 2. Pueblo Indians 1.The Pueblos were the 1st American corn growers. 2. They lived in adobe houses (dried mud) and pueblos (villages in Spanish). Pueblos are villages of cubicle determine adobe houses, stacked one on top the other and often beneath cliffs. 3. They had elaborate irrigation systems to draw water away from rivers to grown corn. 3. Mound Builders 1. These people built huge ceremonial and burial mounds and were located in the Ohio Valley. 2. Cahokia, near atomic number 99 St. Louis today, held 40,000 people. 4. Eastern Indians 1. Eastern Indians grew corn, beans, and squash in three sister realm 1.Corn grew in a stalk providing a trellis for beans, beans grew up the stalk, squashs broad leaves unploughed the sun off the ground and thus kept the moisture in the soil. 2. This group likely had the best (most diverse) diet of all North American Indians and is typified by the Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw (South) and Iroquois (North). 5. Iroquois Confederation 1. Hiawatha was the legendary leader of the group. 2. The Iroquois Confederation was a group of 5 tribes in New York state. 3. They were matrilineal as authority and possessions passed down through the female line. 4.Each tribe kept their independence, but met occasionally to hash out matters of common spare-time activity, like war/defense. 5. This was non the norm. Usually, Indians were scattered and separated (and thus weak). 6. Native Americans had a very different view of things as compared to Europeans. 1. Native Americans entangle no man owned the land, the tribe died. (Europeans liked private property) 2. Indians felt nature was mixed with many spirits. (Europeans were Christian and monotheistic) 3. Indians felt nature was sacred. (Europeans believed nature and land was given to man by God in Genesis to be subdued and put to use). . Indians had little or no concept or interest in money. (Europeans loved money or gold) 4. Indirect Discoverers of the New creation1. The 1st Europeans to come to America were the Norse (Vikings from Norway). 1. Around 1,000 A. D. , the Vikings get, led by Erik the Red and Leif Erikson. 2. They landed in Newfoundland or Vinland (due to all of the vines). 3. However, these men left America and left no written record and therefore didnt get the credit. 4. The only record is found in Viking sagas or songs. 2. The Christian Crusaders of Middle Ages fought in Palestine to regain the Holy Land from Muslims.This mixing of East and West created a sweet-tooth where Europeans valued the spices of the exotic East. 5. Europeans Enter Africa This content copyright 2010 by WikiNotes. wikidot. com 1. Marco Polo traveled to China and stirred up a storm of European interest. 2. Mixed with desire for spices, an East to West (Asia to Europe) trade flourished but had to be overland, at least in part. This initiated new exploration down around Africa in hopes of an easier (all water) travel plan.3. Portugal literally started a semivowel school to find better ways to get to the Spice Islands, eventually rounding Africas southern Cape of Good Hope. . New developments emerged 1. caravel a send off with triangular sail that could better tack (zig-zag) ahead into the wind and thus retur n to Europe from the Africa coast. 2. compass to determine direction. 3. astrolabe a sextant gizmo that could tell a ships latitude. 5. Slave trade begins 1. Slavery was initially race-independent. A break ones back was whoever lost in battle. Usually, slaves came from the Slavic regions of Europe, hence the name. 2. The first African slave trade was across the Sahara Desert. 3. Later, it was along the West African coast.Slave traders purposely busted up tribes and families in order to squelch any possible uprising. 4. Slaves wound up on sugar plantations the Portuguese had set up on the tropical islands off of Africas coast. 5. Spain watched Portugals success with exploration and slaving with envy and wanted a piece of the pie. 6. Columbus Comes upon a New World 1. Columbus convinced Isabella and Ferdinand to fund his expedition. 2. His goal was to reach the East (East Indies) by sailing west, thus bypassing the around-Africa route that Portugal monopolized. 3.He misjudged the s ize of the Earth though, thinking it 1/3 the size of what it was. 4. So, after 30 days or so at sea, when he struck land, he assumed hed made it to the East Indies and therefore mistook the people as Indians. 5. This spawned the following system 1. Europe would provide the market, smashing, technology. 2. Africa would provide the labor. 3. The New World would provide the raw materials of gold, soil, and lumber.7. When Worlds Collide 1. Of huge importance was the biological flip-flop of Old and New Worlds. Simply put, it was a trade of life such as plants, foods, animals, germs. . From the New World (America) to the Old 1. corn, potatoes, tobacco, beans, peppers, manioc, pumpkin, squash, tomato, wild rice, etc. 2. also, syphilis 3. From Old World to the New 1. cows, pigs, horses, wheat, sugar cane, apples, cabbage, citrus, carrots, Kentucky bluegrass, etc. 2. devastating diseases smallpox, yellow fever, malaria as Indians had no immunities. 1. The Indians had no immunities in thei r systems built up over generations. 2. An estimated 90% of all pre-Columbus Indians died, mostly due to disease. 8. The Spanish Conquistadores 1.Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 Portugal and Spain feuded over who got what land. The Pope drew this line as he was respected by both. 1. The line ran North-South, and chopped off the Brazilian coast of South America 2. Portugal got everything east of the line (Brazil and land around/ at a lower place Africa) 3. Spain got everything west of the line (which turned out to be much more, though they didnt know it at the time) 2. Conquistadores is Spanish conquerors. 1. Vasco Balboa discovered the Pacific Ocean across the isthmus of Panama.2. Ferdinand Magellan circumnavigated the globe (he was the first to do so). . Ponce de Leon touches and names Florida looking for legendary Fountain of Youth. 4. Hernando Cortes enters Florida, travels up into present day Southeastern U. S. , dies and is conceal in Mississippi River, 5. Francisco Pizarro conquers Incan Empire of Peru and begins shipping tons of gold/silver back to Spain. This huge influx of precious metals made European prices rocket salad (inflation). 6. Francisco Coronado ventured into current Southwest U. S. looking for legendary Cibola, city of gold. He found the Pueblo Indians. 3. Encomienda system established 1.Indians were commended or given to Spanish landlords 2. The idealistic theory of the encomienda was that Indians would work on the farm and be converted to Christianity. But it was basically just slavery on a sugar plantation guised as missionary work. 9. The advantage of Mexico 1. Hernando Cortez conquered the Aztecs at Tenochtitlan. 2. Cortez went from Cuba to present day Vera Cruz, then marched over mountains to the Aztec capital. 3. Montezuma, the Aztec king, thought Cortez might be the god Quetzalcoatl who was due to re-appear that very year. Montezuma welcomed Cortez into Tenochtitlan. . The Spanish lust for gold led Montezuma to attack on the noche triste, sad night. Cortez and men fought their way out, but it was smallpox that eventually beat the Indians. 5. The Spanish then destroyed Tenochtitlan, building the Spanish capital (Mexico City) exactly on top of the Aztec city. 6. A new race of people emerged, mestizos, a mix of Spanish and Indian blood. 10. The Spread of Spanish America 1. Spanish society quickly spread through Peru and Mexico 2. A threat came from neighbors 1. English John Cabot (an Italian who sailed for England) touched the coast of the current U.S. 2. Italy Giovanni de Verrazano also touched on the North American seaboard. 3. France Jacques Cartier went into mouth of St. Lawrence River (Canada). 3. To oppose this, Spain set up forts (presidios) all over the California coast. Also cities, like St. Augustine in Florid 4. Don Juan de Onate followed Coronados old path into present day New Mexico. He conquered the Indians ruthlessly, maiming them by cutting off one foot of survivors just so theyd rememb er. 5. in spite of mission efforts, the Pueblo Indians revolted in Popes Rebellion. 6.Robert de LaSalle sailed down the Mississippi River for France claiming the whole region for their King Louis and naming the area Louisiana after his king. This started a draw of place-names for that area, from LaSalle, Illinois to Louisville and then on down to New Orleans (the American counter of Joan of Arcs famous victory at Orleans). 7. downhearted Legend The Black Legend was the notion that Spaniards only brought bad things (murder, disease, slavery) though true, they also brought good things such as law systems, architecture, Christianity, language, and civilization, so that the Black Legend is partly, but not entirely, accurate.

Divorce

Marriage can be defined as a union surrounded by a objet dart and a woman. This was initiated by God later on the creation. Marriage enables individuals to procreate by having children. People who are married usually bonk together and this makes it possible to carry on responsibilities in the house. People are expected to live happily in marriage considering that marriage occurs between individuals who love each other. During marriage, individuals take vows that they will live together as a long as they are alive. However, this has changed and what has been observed is that some marriages break after some time.Court cases facilitating decouple have been on increase. In the previous years, divorce was something that was inconceivable. However, the society seems to be accepting divorce due to the circumstances surrounding a marriage. The highest proportion of the society members argue that divorce should non be allowed due to its consequences. In United States, race believe th at people have the freedom to do whatever they wish with their lives. In this regard people should be allowed to divorce when they feel that on that point is a need. This research paper will argue against divorce in the society.It will also look at both sides of the argument so that it can prove there is a need to protect marriages (Clarke-Stewart). Divorce has many negative consequences for the couples involved and the children in the family and this is wherefore it should be avoided at all costs. Financial management is a challenge to divorced couples. Individuals should consider the costs associated with divorce. In the first place, the divorce process requires expenditure. This may be so expensive for the couples involved. Second, the parties involved need to seek a new residential area which involves a cost.One of the parties incurs greater costs in brush the costs of paying school fees for the children. If there is no divorce, it means that individuals share these costs su ch that there is no burden in meeting these expenses (Peterson). deuce individuals are also able to better plan for their finances for the future benefit as compared to when all the decisions are made by one individual. The notes that could have been wasted in the divorce process could be invested so that the couple can receive future r compensateues from their investment activities.There are various reasons why people divorce. In the first place, couples argue that there is lack of commitment in their relationships. This means that one of the partners is less concerned about the social of necessity of the family such as socializing, meeting financial needs, meeting educational needs of the children and planning for the future. This makes one person to seek a happier marriage elsewhere after divorce (Wallerstein). When both persons are not committed infidelity is a constant problem, a partner may be unfaithful such that he/she engages in extramarital sex.In this case, the other par tner feels that this is not acceptable considering that the current world is full of sexually transmitted diseases some of which are very dangerous. The offend party in the marriage finds that the best way to deal with the situation is through divorce. Another reason is financial problems. Unfortunately, money is a problem for well-nigh everyone, and it is even more so with married couples who more than likely split the bill in most situations, financial obligations can make believe conflict between couples.When they get married, they have to be certain that they are financially prepared for an increase of expenses, especially if the birth of a child is involved. Also unemployment can cause conflicts between the marriage, due to arguments about expenses, not being able to find a new job, or one individual feeling superior to the other. When this legislate couples opt for a divorce since after the separation the stress will be less and money can be manage better by just one person . Communication is essential to a successful marriage.We have all heard this at some point in our lives but at the present time there are many married couples that lack of communication for several different reasons such as work schedules, demanding families or even technological distractions. This soon creates anger and frustration builds up, which ends in larger issues. Larger issues are not as easy to solve as smaller ones. redden if the couple manages to work out these issues and stay together, its not a real marriage. Without communication, there is no relationship and therefore the marriage is ready for divorce.Generally, there are many challenges that make people to divorce. These reasons are reasonable and people seek to be in marriages that are more satisfactory. Some of the problems that lead to divorce are intentional and some spouses find it difficult to continue with marriage. Some Christians also argue that individuals are allowed to divorce if the reason for divorce is infidelity. Infidelity is unacceptable even to the Christians and people are allowed to divorce if this happens in their marriage.

MAS 500 operating system

MAS ergocalciferol operating system can increase efficiency in management. It was built up with Micro dim office and Visual Basic and has been seen as reliable financial accounting software. ( able software) MAS viosterol can integrate business intelligence order processing, distribution and manufacture (Sage software) and is designed to help companies manage operations. The software is dependable and reliable and covers all areas of e business and can support large volumes of data and respond to growth in the business. (Tech target. 2008) MAS 500integrates with other applications and can be customised without programming.(Tech target. 2008) The evil in its implementation is the cost involved to purchase the software and then train staff to use it. However, with the increased efficiency MAS 500 is often seen as a good investment reducing costs in the long run. The time taken to upgrade can be seen as a injury as it cuts into business profits. MAS 500 have been seen that leading companies have taken this new software. Fortune Brands has upgraded and MAS 500 performs general ledger, accounts payable and cash management tasks. (Best software, 2003).MAS 500 can automate areas of business management such as core and advanced financials, customer relationship management, project accounting, time and expense tracking, wholesale distribution, clear-cut manufacturing, warehouse management, human resources, payroll, e-business and business intelligence. (TechTarget. 2008)MAS 500 is user friendly and allows most companies to run it quickly in less time then previous soft wares. (Best software, 2003) Thus the cost constraint would eventually be outweighed by the many benefits this software has to offer.References Best software (2003) A most admired company selects MAS 500 and ASP. Retrieved from the World Wide Web on the 14Th of November 2008http//whitepapers. silicon. com/0,39024759,60040974p,00. htm Sage software. Sage MAS 500 retrieved from the World Wide Web on t he 14Th of November 2008 http//www. sagemas. com/products/sagemas500/ Tech Target. (2008) Sage Software. Sage MAS500. Retrieved from the World Wide Web on the 14Th of November 2008 http//www. 2020software. com/products/Sage_MAS_500. asp

Fraud and Highest Embezzlement Case

misapplication Attempting to Find the Easy Way Out Name School Envy and greed has existed since the get down of time. Maybe we are born with those traits or maybe we are taught through lifes lessons. The rich are perceived as having a carefree un-stress-filled life. The reality shows and news stories of the wealthy buying yachts, taking lavish vacations with their Barbie doll mate, summer homes that are actually castles and extravagant parties. The rest of the world seems to be the servants of the wealthy. How brush off society not be envious or greedy to obtain what the few have in their life?Part of society is happy with their slur in life just being satisfactory to pay the bills, and take care of their family is what drives them. However, the other part of society wonder, How have some individuals been gifted with monetary wealth? , and their resentment builds. The Get Rich schemes are created. The individuals trying to make the quick buck will pressure their friends and fa mily into buying the Mary Kay, Tupperware, or loaning money to place bets on Sport games or a gambling weekend at the casino. All this under the assumption that they will make a great deal of money, and earn the respect of the wealthy elite.The most well know form of money schemes is misappropriatement. An understanding definition of embezzlement contracts from Global juristic Resources it states Embezzlement is a criminal offense which involves the double-tongued and secret misappropriation of money or assets by an agent to who the property has been en considered. This occurs when a person obtains self-command of the goods or money in legal, proper manner, but then appropriates them for his/her use without the rightful owners permission. Six (6) cases of embezzlement stand out in Modern day History.The first case is about Yasuyoshi Kato in 1997 who managed to appropriate $132 trillion from Day-Lee Foods, Inc. of Santa Fe Springs, California. At the time, Yasuyoshi was the Chi ef Financial Offer of Day-Lee Foods. He managed to check the game up for six-spot (6) course of instructions by fraud and forged checks. Yasuyoshi, a Japanese citizen, wrote checks to himself and his wife, from the various companies accounts everyplace the six (6) years. He plane was so arrogant that he took out bank loans under the familiaritys name and manipulated the accounting books to cover the theft. Yasuyoshi bought umerous luxury homes, a citrus ranch, premium vehicles, rickety business ventures that failed, jewelry and extraordinary animals. He blamed his wife in court on the reasoning on why he performed the embezzlement. Stating she was always unsatisfied. Yasuyoshi was even so ignorant that when he was asked where the money was coming from, he stated he was a secret inventor of Nintendo. In 1997, Yasuyoshi Kato plead guilty to six felony counts. They ranged from mail fraud (Statute 18 U. S. C. Section 1341) to wire fraud (Statute 18 U. S. C. Section 1343).In the e nd, he was sentenced to 63 months in a federal state prison and an additional five years of probation. This was the maximum sentencing at this time. (Marquet, 2010) The second largest case of embezzlement was Gilbert Beesmyer of Guarantee Building & Loan acquaintance of Hollywood, California. He was make up guilty in December of 1930 (Statute 18 U. S. C. Section 981), and length of the fraud is unknown but assumed to be less than one year. Beesemyer was able to steal the equivalent of $100 zillion in 2010 dollars using his position within the participation as the founder, general secretary and manager.The Guarantee Building and Loan Association went broke because of Beesemyers actions. He stole the money in form of overdraft penalties, and repeatedly stated he planned to repay the money. Even though he was sentenced to 10 to 100 years to the San Quentin prison, he was released under parole in 1940. The community that had invested in Beesemyers bank was destroyed. Businesses fai led, 2,500 families went broke, individuals went to asylums and thirty committed suicide. In the end, Beesemyer was able to live his life out to the fullest at age 97 in Balti more Maryland. Marquet, 2010) Ricardo Carrasco, a Uruguayan national, was able to embezzle $97. 7 million from the BankBoston Corp fit(p) in Boston Massachusetts. As the same as the Beesemyers case, officials were unable to determine the length of the fraud. He was uncovered in 1998 at the age of 41. Yet, Carrasco surmise that the bank officials finally caught on to him, so he went into hiding. Carrasco started his association with the BankBoston Corp in 1977 at the Uruguayan branch. In 1998, the bank transferred him the Boston location. Carrasco executed fraudulent loans to an Oldemar Laborda in Argentina.Oldemar Laborda has been known for having a highly suspicious past. The FDIC ordered Carrasco to repay $73 million. The bank wrote off $66 million and even offered a $10,000 proceeds for information leadi ng to his arrest. But to this day, he remains a fugitive. (Marquet, 2010) The Chief Operating Officer of Tenens Corp. , dba Essex Street Associates of Beverly Massachusetts embezzled for seven years the amount of money of $72. 3 million. John Doorly started with the company as a clerk, and with hard work, was able to rise to the CFO position. The clients trusted him, the company trusted him.In the seven years, he transferred assets from the clients trust accounts to his own personal accounts. Doorly established personal credit cards that the company unknowing paid for. He even overcharged clients in the excess of $61 million for his services and so-called expenses on over-seeing their accounts. Doorly spent the money on gifts for his wife and mistress, and apartment for his son, vehicles, travel, airplanes and numerous failed business ventures. He forged the statements that were mailed to the clients, and even went as far as to deceive the outside auditors.Doorlys new assistant, Ki m Borans, was the one who found irregularities in the accounts. She immediately went to one of the officers of Tenens Corp to report her findings and suspicion of embezzlement. Doorly was blast and a forensic internal audit was conducted of his accounts. On March 201, Doorly was sentenced to 17-1/2 years to a federal prison. (Marquet, 2010) The fifth highest embezzlement case is Ausuf Umar Siddiqui, the vice prexy of Merchandising and Operations of Frys Electronics located in San Jose, California. He pled guilty of vendor fraud and kickbacks in the theft of $69 million.The scheme began in January 2005 and ended when he was finally caught in November 2008. Siddiqui had a base salary of $225,000 a year and was the supervisor of 120 employees in purchasing department. His department was prudent for purchasing merchandise on all Frys 34 locations. Siddiqui even went as far is to set-up a dummy vendor where he could embezzle the money. He stole the money to satisfy his gambling habit and the need to live the high life. At the time Siddiqui was caught he was being sued by trio casinos, Planet Hollywood, Palms Casino and Trump Taj Mahal, for outstanding debt on gambling.Venetian Resort and Casino in Las Vegas reported that he gambled $17. 9 million dollars with them alone. An investigation showed that his gambling debt over a ten-year period is approximately $167 million. (Marquet, 2010) A case the hits close to home is the Koss Corporation. Sjuata Sachdeva was the Chief Financial Officer of Koss Corporation located in Milwaukee Wisconsin. She began her career with the company as a temporary worker, and within one year was promoted to vice president of finance. Over a span of twelve years, Sachdeva was able to embezzle $40. million by fraudulent funds transfers. She approved at least 204 wire transfers of funds from the company bank accounts to her personal American Express credit card. Also, Sachdeva issued more than 500 cashiers checks from the companys account s to pay for personal lavish expenses. On top of this, she informed other Koss employees to make fraudulent entries into the companys books to conceal her theft. The theft was only caught after American Express notified Koss of unusally high volume of large transactions.Sachdeva used her illegally obtained money for a vacation home in Hawaii, a new Mercedes Benz, luxury travel, furs, designer shoes, art and jewelry. She had purchased some many items that she had both storage containers rented in Milwaukee. During the investigation, some luxury stores come forward stating that she had purchased items ans asked the store to hold the item for her until she came and picked it up. However, she never showed up. Sachdeva even had full nerve to hold various fundraisers to flaunt her wealth in hopes of joining the socialate circle of Milwaukee.The Board of Trustees of Cardinal Stritch University was so impressed with her that she was offered a position to sit on their board. To cover her theft, Sachdeva informed her friends that her husband, a pediatrician, made a bring together million a year, and she made only half a million and they both came from wealthy Indian families. On Sachdevas sentencing day she made a statement of, I stand before you today truly remorseful. You have been my family, my friends, and my co-workers for many years. I know you have been deeply hurt by my treason in ways that I never intended. For eleven years she will sit in prison for her greed and envy. (Marquet, 2010) In every case examined, the US Code that has been violated is Chapter 31 Embezzlement and theft. Twenty-nine Sections of the Code have been created to cover every type of theft from public money, property or records to major theft of livestock. The state sentencing of embezzlement ranges anywhere from 45 months for felonies, six months for misdemeanors or 38 months of probation and including repayment of money and fines.The sentencing is determined by the monetary amount th at is stolen. (US Code) The federal official Government oversees accusations of embezzlement for public agencies, banks, US courts, credit agencies and any program that fuck offd money from the Federal Government. Yet, Federal punishment is anywhere between two years to 30 years in prison. However, if the dollar amount of the embezzlement is less than $1000, then the sentence will be less than one year with a fine of only $1000. (Embezzlement Cases) People always are caught when it comes to greed and envy.The embezzlers keep stealing thinking they are good enough to keep getting away with it, or maybe it is the lavish lifestyle that blinds them to the consequences. Why are the not happy with the large amount of salary that they receive as income from their careers? It is always more and more until they sit behind metal bars with nothing but a prison issued jumpsuit and a associate named Butch. References Country. (n. d. ). Embezzlement Law. Lawyers, Attorneys, Law Firms A Find Leg al Information. Retrieved April 20, 2012, from http//www. g. org/embezzlement. html Embezzlement Cases. (n. d. ). Defending your rights in the criminal justice system. Retrieved April 20, 2012, from http//www. defending. com/embezzlement-cases Marquet, C. (n. d. ). The Top 10 Embezzlement Cases in Modern US History. Marquet International. Retrieved April 20, 2012, from www. marquetinternational. com/pdf/top_10_embezzlement_cases_in_us_history. pdf US Code Chapter 31 Embezzlement and theft. (n. d. ). US Code. Retrieved April 20, 2012, from http//codes. lp. findlaw. com/uscode/18/I/31

Anchoring Effect Essay

IntroductionIn real life, decisions made by individual atomic number 18 easily deviated from the judging criteria, showing the behaviors of bound rationality. Simon indicated that the bound rationality is a property of an agent or a person who makes decisions that behaves in a sort that is nearly optimal with respect to its goals and resources. (Franco 2009) This is because of, firstly military personnel being have limited discernment and cognitive ability, alike humanity ar unable to know everything secondly the environment is complex, when people face the intricate and uncertainty would, info is not complete due to vast uncertainty choice. Moreover, the rationality outhousenot play a role because of people are likely influenced by contrary situations. The report would analyze three concepts which are rational accounting, anchoring effect and confederacy fallacy to help to generate a better understanding of bounded rationality.Anchoring effectBehavioral economics is on the strength of the science of judggenial heuristics that could be to depend on reflexively by people. tally to Furnham that heuristics are characterized as an intuitive, rapid, and automatic system which reduce the complex tasks of assessing probabilities and predicting prys to simpler judgmental operations (Furnham 2010)The anchoring effect is champion of the cognitive heuristics. Anchoring effect is a bias which people easily commit on the information of first impression as fictional character frame when fashioning decisions. The first constitution of information or previous information, as an anchor, could affect current performance that information world power be not highly applicable to the information judgment or even irrelevant thought. Also ain attri just nowes and characteristic which are more deemed to an anchor are fixed and constant.The early(a) respondent is a salesman in a Sony store. Last week I went to city Sony store, a customer who looks like a stu dent was looking for a brand new estimator. Firstly one shop assistant briefly introduces distinct type and function of computers, the student expresses a strong purchase intention. Then the shop manager came and bear more detailed introduction of computers performance. Finally this student made her choice and startedbargaining. stalemate in their time, the shop manager said he is going to report to their boss to find turn out whether she prat get more discount. After few minutes he walked up and said that is the last(a) price, what they can do is offer her some breaks. The student was very satisfied and made payment. At this point, the computer engineer came when started to install the computer, and told her whethershe demands a protection film to protect the screen, otherwise it is easy to scratch, to a fault keyboard cover etc. The student felt make sense. At the end, she not only purchased computer, precisely also some accessories.This is typically anchoring effect. Cu stomer would feel minute if the shop manager promotes those accessories before they purchase computer, they might increase bargaining power and would not easily pay. yet after customer paid for computers, they are giveing to choose accessories because they feel accessories is relatively cheap compare to the expensive computer, moreover they do need these accessories. In general, the numbers which initially provide would affect consumers answer. Experienced salesman always offer a high price before bargaining, accordingly a higher(prenominal) anchor exists in people mind. Seller fetches higher price even that consumer try to bring the price down. There is another example, which is when a business launches a new product, they will carefully discuss the positioning promotion plan, such as which good shelf the products should be placed in. If a new drink is published and placed beside Coca Cola and Pepsi, consumer would accept its high price and visa versa.Anchoring effect is every where and inevitable. So how to avoid falling into anchoring effect can help consumer become a better financial planner. Firstly, putting forward an affordable price at the start when negotiation, with the purpose of offering an anchor to the interchangeer. Besides buyer should notice that the loss of could not sell products is much more than the loss of a low price deal for seller. However refusing negotiate is a more wise than bargaining when face an unreasonable high price, it helps consumer to build a hopeful reference standard.Mental AccountingMental accounting was proposed by Behavioral Science Professor Ric fractious Thaler, he believes, mental accounting is the set of cognitive operations used by individuals and households to organize, evaluate, and keep track of financial activities. (Thaler 1999)In other words, except financial accounting, there is another managerial accounting exist in peoples mind, which called mental accounting, to influence people to make decision in real life. Consumers usually divide some(prenominal) expenditure and income of equal value into incompatible accounts. For example, we usually put salaries into hard to get rich account, wishing annual bonus as an added gift, and put a winning lottery into pie-in-the-sky account. The money in the hard to get rich account is expensed precisely and carefully for annual bonus, we often have relaxed attitude to care for it, for example, we might go to shopping center to purchase an expensive dress as a gift which are reluctant to spend money to buy at ordinary times. The money in the pie-in-the-sky account is the most valueless, imagine that people who win five million dollars would become openhanded and extravagant. This is howmental accounting works.My friend went to a fashion store and alsok a fancy to a very beautiful dress, but it costs about $320. She thought it is too expensive and gave up finally. But in her birthday party, her preserve bought that dress for the birthday gift. It makes her very happy.In fact, her money and her husband money are the familys capital, but why she feels different with the same money spending according to different reasons. This study finds that the expenditure of mental accounting can be divided to four parts, which are daily necessities expenditures, home contribution expenditures and personalised development expenditures, expenditures of mad connection and recreational expenditures. According to irreplaceable of mental accounting, $320, as daily necessities expenditures, is too expensive to purchase a dress, however, the husband purchase it as a birthday gift which can be treated as expenditures of emotional connection. This amount of money can improve their relationship, so rewards are priceless. Consequently, people are willing to accept giftsfrom their family or friends, but they will not purchase for themselves.According to above example, emotional connection and interpersonal relationship is significantly impor tant for human beings, the investment of emotional for people is much more than other expenditures in everyday life. As a consequence, merchants could use these different festivals such as mothers day, Christmas etc. to gain bigger sales. For example, a beautiful engrossed chocolate in Saint Valentines Day, coupons in Christmas, these special offers is negligible for merchants, but it can take in more consumers attention.In usual, most of us could be influenced by mental accounting we have different attitudes to handle the equivalent value of money, hence different decision comes out. From the point of view of economics, there is no any difference among salary, bonus and lottery, but people make three different decisions when spending them. join fallacyTversky and Kahneman believe that the representativeness heuristic is a means of assessing the chance of an uncertain offspring or the value of a quantity by comparing it to a mental model (Berendsen 2012) society fallacy is one o f the result that causes by representativeness heuristic, which states the declare that there are two independent fonts, the luck of both events will happen cannot be higher than the probability than one of the events alone will happen.I made 20 questionnaire surveys and handed into Finc6013 lecture. The question is that the probability of healthy man who have snapper disease is higher or the probability of healthy men who are over 55 years old and have heart disease is higher. There are 6 students elect B and only 14 students chosen A. I was surprised that the result of this question is against the results of Linda problem. People think an event with more materials and details is more likely to happen. In fact it was not the case every added detail makes things uncertainty. Two events can be happenedindependent or conjunction, the probability of conjunction events happened cannot higher than the probability of any independent event occurs. However in reality, people sometimes lin ked probability and quantity together by mistake when making decision, they consider that there is a higher probability of conjunction events. According to the investigation result above, there are three reasonable defenses for conjunction fallacy. Firstly the representativeness heuristic is identified as the cognitive tools effectual for evaluating subjective probabilities.The conjunction fallacy is attributed to the representativeness heuristic. It states that if the probability that the event is included in a classification is contumacious by how representative the event is of include in this classification. Consequently the conjunction fallacy proceed when the confederacy events is rated as more representative of the aimed classification than either the event alone. Conjunction fallacy can be occurred both in situation whether heuristic is applicable. Hence conjunction fallacy might have no any relationship with the heuristic. Secondly, there is an argument that informant mis conception the investigative mission representatively used to study the phenomenon when investigator is doing survey. However it is undeniable that there is value for the investigation, for example some high quality levels of conjunction fallacies are surveyed, and misinterpretations are appropriately controlled in the survey.Thirdly informants are likely to use an incorrect rule to jib rise to conjunction fallacy happen when associating the probability of single events. There are some experimental results shows those informants assume the probability of conjunctive events is equal to the weighted average of the probability of event alone. Therefore if the probability of even A is rated to be greater than the probability of event B, but lower than the probability of event C, informants might debate that the probability of conjunction event A and B is lower than the probability of event A, however meanwhile they consider the probability of conjunction event A and C is greater than the probability of A. This is regard as conjunction fallacy effect. The reason is informants use an incorrect rule for combining probability.Conjunction fallacy is increasingly questionable, it is common phenomenon though when people making decision in reality. On the buns of thecharacteristics of perceptual selectivity, the characteristics of information are more distinct and stimulation is stronger, people are more sensitive to their perception. Moreover, situational circumstances can influence humans perception. Because decision making is conducted on the basis of humans perception, the general and specific information and situational circumstances play a significant role on peoples decision making behaviors. (Nilsson 2010)ConclusionAlthough science and technology are advancing, and research measures of human being is always improving, to some extent, mental process stays at hypothetical stage up to now. This report discussed three decision making trap which are mental accounti ng, anchoring effect and conjunction fallacy. No matter which decision people try to make, it is important that they are supposed to search more information to choose the best alternatives, then they are able to gain experience through every decisions. partBerendsen, A., Hadilich, S. and Amersfoort, J.2012, Looking at Linda Is the Conjunction Fallacy Really a Fallacy?, viewed 27 March 2014,Franco, R. 2009, The conjunction fallacy and interference effects, Journal of Mathematical Psychology, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 415-422, viewed 30 March 2014,ScienceDirect,Furnham, A. 2010, A literary works review of the anchoring effect, The Journal of Socio-Economics, vol.

Bang bang banh

List three civil rights events that Lorraine (or the Hansberry family) was gnarled with 1 . Her p bents were both active in the black community of Chicago as well as social change work. 2. She was involved in the Hansberry vs. Lee case because her family was being forced to desegregate their albumin neighborhood with a restrictive covenant. Despite violent protest they didnt move until the court ordered them to. 3. peerless of her brothers dodged the draft because of segregation and discrimination in the military Use the pursual website to answer the following questions. http//en. wikipedia. rg/wiki/Restrictive_covenant 4.In your endure got words, what are restrictive covenants? A sort of agreement, which limits what the owner of the land or lease can do with it. 5. How have they been used in segregation? Used to keep blacks from invading white neighborhoods The title A Raisin in the Sun comes from Langston Hughes poem entitled Harlem. Read the poem at the following website ht tp//www. teachingamericanhistory. org/library/index. asp? document=640 Use the following website to learn more about the poem. http//poetry. suitel 01 . com/article. cfm/hughes_harlem_a_ imagine_deferred According to this website, what is the theme ot Harlem? A stargaze deterred 7. Do you think this theme fits with the poem? Why or why not? Yes it explains what happens when a dream is postponed. 8. List two literary elements that can be found in the poem and give an manikin of each (copy and paste line) Literary element rhetorical questions Example What happens toa dream deferred? Literary element allegory Example Does it stink like rotten meat? 9. Read through the commentary and tell what you think most likely happens to a dream deferred and explain why. When a dream is deferred it is lost, sense you no onger are able to fulfill it.It becomes a waste of time and a disappointment. In Act II, Scene Two, a character refers to Booker T. Washington as one of our great men, but anoth er character disagrees and calls him a fool. Learn some facts about Mr. Washington to help you arrive at your own conclusion. Use the following websites to find three facts that support that he was a great man and three facts that may have lead the other character to believe he was a fool. http//www. nps. gov/archive/bowa/btwbio. html http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Booker_T. _Washington http//northbysouth. enyon. edu/1998. edu/home/btw. htm expectant Man 10. commencement ceremony African American man to be invited to the white house 1 1 . First African American man to receive an honorary degree from Harvard 12. He was born a break ones back and had no early education, yet he still became Americas foremost black educator Fool 13. His capital of Georgia compromise was known as a betrayal to the black community because it accepted segregation.

Reed Supermarkets: a New Wave of Competitors

reed Super securities industrys. Spring 2013Meredith Collins faces the problem of choosing the most appropriate marketing schema for Reed Supermarkets to implement so that the phoner increases its market sh be in the Columbus, OH market from 14% in 2010 to a lay of 16% in 2011. This goal should be accomplished in spite of the bleak competitive challenges posed by the rising prominence of dollar and limited selection stores in the food for thought retailing industry.SWOT AnalysisInternal Strengths Reeds quality image and exceptionally attentive customer service panoptic range offeringsAttractive stores, long hours, and elegant service? case displays.Internal WeaknessesMany consumers perceive Reeds prices are highCapital exp residueiture policy freezing 3. No consensus within commission on what scheme to implement for market assign growth.External OpportunitiesThe new consumer is more than savvy, health and cost? consciousGrowth of buck private label merchandise 3. Columbuss economic environment is more favorable than states and nations economic environmentsExternal Threats Dollar and Limited Selection Stores increasing market portion out / Aldis projected new storesEconomic downturn . Significant dwindling of customer loyalty.Reeds heed is currently assessing the fol beginninging alternatives to increase its market share in the Columbus marketContinue its current dollar special campaignTerminate the dollar special campaign and implement an everyday belittled pricing modelConvey the value created to consumers by reinforcing the range and quality of offeringsIncrease low priced specials, hit the roof private label brands, and introduce double couponing.In addition, I would also consider the following alternative project an offer to buy some of Galaxys troubling Columbus stores.In evaluating the aforementioned alternatives, Reeds management will have to take into account that, in tramp to meet the targeted market share of 16% in 2011, they will ha ve to increase their sales volume by $94 million, which represents a 14% increase compared to 2010 (see appendix). The present dollar special campaign was an attempt from Reeds to smorgasbord consumers perception that they have higher prices. Some Reeds managers are confident that in another six months they will be able to change this perception while, at the same time, they reinforce customer loyalty.However, some executives believe also that the campaign detracted from Reeds quality image as it seemed to be too close to the offering of dollar stores which could damage Reeds image by dint of association. The scope of this campaign (250 out of 50,000 items) does not seem sufficient to generate the additional sales required. otherwise executives suggest implementing an everyday low pricing model in order to tackle, in a more aggressive fashion, the high? priced image that Reed carries. This would likely require a complete switch of the companys positioning from a high? nd store to a medium, more value? rivet positioning. Reeds image, as a quality and customer service oriented, could be extremely dishonored by such a switch. Additionally, it would be expected that other discount stores would be reacting aggressively to this strategy. another(prenominal) option is to reinforce Reeds current positioning as a high? end store by emphasizing the range and quality of its offerings. Such strategy appeals to the more affluent households, which are more keen on premium private labels and organic produce.This customer segment has been the backbone of Reeds growth in the past 20 years, and the company wants to be ready to satisfy its upscale tastes as the economy recovers. Operations Director Jane Wu offered yet another alternative increase low? priced specials, fatten out private label brands, and introduce double couponing. The new consumer that emerged from the 2007? 2009 recession is more savvy and cost? conscious, which is demo by the increasing share of wallet captured by dollar and limited selection stores.By acknowledging this new ingenuousness and resorting to the strategy suggested by Director Wu, the company can potentially attract new customers and appeal to both(prenominal) fill? in trippers and full grocery runners. This seems to be a sound strategy in order for the company to capture, in the short? term, the $94 million additional sales required to meet the target market share. It is unclear, however, if this strategy could hurt the quality image recognized to Reeds supermarkets and as a result drive high? nd customers away. On the other hand, during difficult economic times, such as the downturn of 2008? 2011, consumers tend to opt for value. Finally, we should not discard the introduction of new stores as a arduous alternative for increasing sales. The company has consistently expanded the chain in the past, with the new stores accomplishing similar results to alive ones. Reeds management has made it clear that it does not wish to have capital expenditures in form of new stores in 2011.But, a struggling Galaxy chain in the Columbus market could represent an interesting opportunity for Reed to acquire some of its stores at a discounted price, and this way confrontation the sales volume required for the 16% market share. Given the resistance from Reeds management to resort to additional capital expenditure, my recommendation is that the company implements the alternative suggested by Director Wu, i. e. increase low? priced specials, expand private label brands, and introduce double couponing. For the

Why Did European Powers Seek Colonies Overseas?

In 1871, a new form of colonisation emerged in atomic number 63 and was later tell from the Empires of Spain and Portugal in the 15th and 16th centuries as New Imperialism. Intelligibly, it is also referred to as the Scramble for Africa, as a result of the swift rate at which nations clamoured to gain control of weaker regions in deviated areas from the 1600s. There is much guessing surrounding the reasoning of such accelerated expansion, however, there is a clear correlation of events that have been cogitate to New Imperialism.I do not attest the popular belief that this colonisation increased tension in Europe and, in this essay, I will endeavour to present a synthesis of this premise. Similar to the explorers of aging imperialism, European powers were drawn to Africa for economic benefits. The British economist, J. A Hobson, argued the drive for new colonies was influenced by the desire of capitalists to make headway from these regions. The credibility of this assertion is he ightened by the knowledge of the ongoing industrialisation of Europe, prompting a demand for bigger markets and cheaper raw materials and labour.It was equally the case of nations, such as Britain, that were at the end of the industrial boom, as they seek new markets for manufactured goods. The abandonment of free backup in Europe in the 1870s signified the mental institution of a wave of tariffs on imported goods and resulted in a sweeping effect across Europe to search for alternative markets elsewhere. The validation of this is reflected in the leap of Britains overseas investments from 187 one million million million pounds in 1871 to 4,000 million pounds in 1914.Economic advantage was certainly a motivating factor, however, some European nations, such as France, infrawent modest industrial growth and had gained little from colonising. It appears imperialism was a source of national pride and acted as a bewilderment to unfavourable events at photographic plate. This was certainly the case in France, which was still recovering from a humiliating shoot in the Franco-Prussian war and was understandably envious of its European counterparts that were replete with wealth and power.It is indeed unsurprising that the french became one of the leading imperialists of the time, with an empire of Indo-China, north and west Africa and over 60 million people by 1914, although their colonies contri exactlyed sparsely to the economy. Imperialism was an accepted route to regard, as was expressed by both the French statesman, Leon Gambetta in the remark, to stick around a great nation/you must colonise and the British writer A. C Benson, in his song, fetch of Hope and Glory which applauded colonisation.The just about intriguing and a lot bewildering explanation for imperialism was concerned with philanthropy. Although it seems an unnatural concept in this day and age, 19th century Europeans believed they were a superior race and it was their duty to cultivate European ideas and slipway of living in Africa. This perspective was a manipulated adaptation of Darwins theory of natural selection and was wide regarded, particularly in Britain and Germany, as the truth.The view of the British writer, Rudyard Kipling, in The White Mans bear down is an appropriate reflection of this and depicts the so-called burden upon Europeans to help less fortunate races. Evidently, it was conceited nevertheless, missionaries such as The White Fathers and Robert Moffat made progress in Africa to soothe troubles and, polemically, converted many from Paganism to Christianity. European Governments often used Darwins theory as an excuse to subjugate Africans and, thus, imperialism grew in popularity.Technological advances like the railway, steamship and wire and alter weaponry like the rear of barrel-loading rifle, capable of firing several rounds before the need to reload also gave Europeans a distinct advantage over natives and made Africa much more vulner able to attack. many an(prenominal) saw medical advances, such as, the use of quinine as protection from malaria and advances in transport as an fortune to explore what was known as the Dark Continent, as many of the inner regions of Africa remained untouched until this time.The most renowned of which, Dr. David Livingstone, whom travelled from his native Scotland to the vast regions of Central Africa to carry out medical and missionary work, novice the imagination of the European public. In 1869, Henry Stanley of the New York Herald sent for Livingstone after a passing play of contact for over four years, and eventually succeeded when Livingstone was found at Lake Tanganyika in east Africa, greeting him with the famous line, Dr. Livingstone, I presume? . Following the disclosure of the story, Europeans became increasingly nterested in what Africa had to offer and pressure was put on governments to colonise in Germany, many lobby groups, such as The German Navy League were crea ted in support of colonisation and achieved their desires when Bismark, apparently no man for colonies acquired colonies in the Cameroons, Togal and east Africa, south west Africa and the peace-loving Islands, like Marshall Isle. In fact, it was with adept explorers that The Scramble of Africa began, when, in 1870, Henry Stanley took his experience from travelling Africa and, under the advice of King Leopold of Belgium, formed the International African Association.He then reached agreements with tribal leaders in the congou tea region, in which they placed themselves and their subjects under the protection of King Leopold. The French followed suit with their explorer, Savorgnan de Brazza, being sent to the north of the River Congo where he reached similar agreements with indigenous tribal chiefs. The Germans joined in with their protectorate over the Cameroons in 1884 and so the scramble commenced. Wilhelm II was in power in Germany from 1890 to 1914, at the height of imperialism . He is largely trustworthy for the damaged transaction in Europe as opposed to colonisation.Under the management of Bismark, 1871-1890, Europe was reasonably unruffled and dealings remained unchanged, regardless of the imperialism taking place at the time. Bismarck realised the potential tension that could attire as a result of the race for colonies and called The Second Conference of Berlin, 1884-1885, to resolve the issue. It was agreed that the Congo reconcile State would be controlled by an international organisation and was to operate on a free slew basis, meaning the importation of goods would go without taxation.Natives were not to be exploited by European powers and the slave trade was to be abolished. Most importantly, Africa was to be divided into spheres of influence, whereby European powers were to be given economic and political rights in particular areas of the continent. This move cleared any uncertainty regarding where one could colonise, with the exception o f The Fashoda Crisis, 1898, which actually resulted in improved Anglo-French relations, following a brief clash over interests in a small village on the Nile in southern Sudan.In 1896, General Kitchener led the British in an attempt to secure Sudan from the north, while French forces, under General Marchand, arrived in Fashoda, 650km from the British-occupied Khartoum, seeking the very same result. Both leaders confronted one another(prenominal) at Fashoda and remained there for six months, until the French Foreign Minister, Theophile Delcasse, stood down, as the French were unprepared for war without their Russian ally and their difficult time after the Dreyfus Affair. The incident ended peacefully. Following the resignation of Bismarck in 1890, European relations were severed and the balance of power shifted uneasily.However, this was not the result of colonial rivalry Wilhelm II made numerous mistakes in his administration of German foreign policy to disrupt European relations an d cause tension. This began with his poor response to Britains humiliating defeat in what is known as, the Jameson Raid. In 1895, the British Colonial Secretary, Joseph Chamberlain, along with Cecil Rhodes, Prime Minister of the Cape Colony and Dr. Starr Jameson, official to the British reciprocal ohm African Company led a badly organised attack on the Boers in the Transvaal area of South Africa. They were easily defeated and Jameson himself was captured.This incident humiliated the British but did not affect European relations it was the unnecessary telegram sent by Wilhelm II to Paul Kruger, President of the Transvaal, congratulating him of his defeat of the British, without appealing to a friendly power that caused uproar and hostility by dint ofout Europe. The incident to follow the First Moroccan Crisis, 1905-1906 was a means of sabre rattling or troublemaking for Wilhelm II. In 1905, having been suspicious of French objects, he landed his yacht at Tangiers and announced his support of Moroccan independence to the Sultan and pledged German protection of that independence.He then demanded a conference to be held in Algeciras to discuss the matter which France reluctantly agreed to. The main intention of Wilhelm II at this point was to test the strength of the Entente Cordiale between France and Britain and he hoped to weaken it through this intervention. However, Germany managed only to get the support of Morocco and Austria-Hungary, while France was supported by Britain, the US, Russia, Spain and even Italy. The crisis strengthened rather than washy the Entente and was a direct result of the sabre rattling of Wilhelm II, not colonial rivalry.He interceded once over again in the Second Moroccan Crisis, 1911, when he accused France of annexing Morocco. The grounds of his argument, after the occupation of French phalanx of Morocco when a war had broken out in the capital, Fez and foreigners were in danger, was a supposed breech of the terms agreed i n the Algeciras Conference, 1906. Wilhelm II sent a gunboat, the Panther to Agadir, however the British then intervened by commanding his retreat and threatening to send naval forces to stop him. He surrendered and Anglo-French ties were further strengthened.Wilhelm II was viewed as a warmonger a seeker of war and tension within Europe was strong, as a result of his conduct. New Imperialism did not occur as a result of one factor, but of an accumulation of vacillating events, for example, industrialisation that prompted technological advances, which encouraged explorers and eventually a saturation of industry or a failure to industrialise and a need to gain prestige elsewhere all of which contributed hard to imperialism. Regardless of the reasoning, by the 19th century, all of Africa with the exception of Abyssinia and Liberia had been conquered by European powers.However, the important question carcass on how colonisation affected European relations was it truly a contributing factor to gentleman War I or was it indeed a derivative of existing tension at home that was actually accelerated by distrust between nations? Is it possible that imperialism was simply a distraction for Europeans from their promptly diminishing relations and may have delayed the inevitable outburst of war? It remains unrequited but I simply hope I have justified a slightly varied interpretation of the affairs outlined above.

Edward Albee’s presentation of Nick and his role in Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf

In Whos afraid of Virginia Woolf by Edward Albee, a main character that is revealed in this gambol is prick who plays an important role presented by Albee in different ways. The play which, shows malicious humiliation and hit the hay and tenderness and bitterness is set on the campus of a small, New England university. Nick is presented in better as an on-stage audience for George and Martha to act out their verbal banter. Moreover the character of prick is engaged as a equality and contrast to George. The audience sees nick as an image of youthful pride, unblemished, athletic whose very disembodied spirit is dedicated to eliminating the imperfections in human genes, but is himself revealed as flawed in the play.The young couple Nick and Honey are presented as passive observers. They serve solely as the objects of manipulation. George and Martha simply use the younger, less experienced couple to manoeuvre for advantage in their own bitter struggle. This is further shown in ac t two by George when he states, Ill tell you what game well play. Were done with chagrin the hosts how about a little game of get the guests? George attempts to regain power which is an ongoing theme in the play by humiliating nick and honey. He uses what nick told him about honeys neurotic pregnancy against them.Could Cold War Have Been Avoided?Secondly, Nicks role as a compare and contrast to George is important as both of them possess certain traits that the other lacks and envies. While George is frustrated with his life and the illusions that Martha and he have made, Nick contrastingly is yet to rise in his conquest for power. Throughout the spotless play, George and nick proceed through an ongoing verbal battle, competing for the position of high standing power. George attacks nicks profession because he is afraid of artificially changing the way that people are supposed to tump over out, Ive been drawing you out on this stuff, not because Im interested in your terrible l ifehood, but only because you construe a direct and pertinent threat to my lifehoood George openly admits that hes intimidated by Nicks youthful potential, and that hes seeking a way to undermine it.The audience sees nick as an inclinationl man, coldly ambitious, good-looking and athletic who represents the idea of technological advancement. According to Martha he depicts, the perfect paragon of beauty and achievement. hardly as George and Martha ruthlessly involve them in their verbal battles, Albee reveals many flaws in nick in particular. It becomes revealed that the hymeneals of Nick and Honey is less than perfect and has serious problems. The appearance of a perfect marriage in the midst of Nick and Honey is shattered by Nicks admission that they got married because she was pregnant as stated by Nick, I married her because she was pregnant. It was a hysterical pregnancy. She blew up, and then she went down. Additionally Nick, the perfect model of a new faculty member, i s rather easily seduced by Martha, Thats right, lunkhead answer the dooror are you too drunk to do that, too? Cant get the latch up, any? Since nick failed to perform in the bedroom, he has lost all status in his relationship with Martha. This similarly makes one doubt the love in his marriage to honey.In whos afraid of Virginia Woolf by Edward Albee, nick is a very important character presented by Albee. Not only is he presented in part as an on-stage audience for George and Martha, he also exposes the falseness of The American Dream through his relationship with honey. As the perfect image of Nick and Honey crumbles, the final idealization of marriage and family also collapses. Edward Albee suggests that people in America are living in an illusion to which they hold on dearly to avoid face up the reality of a perfect marriage, children, wealth, success, education and religion, All of which compromise the American dream and hence Albee attacks and mocks this idea in the play whi ch is revealed by the main characters to the audience.

Background on Stress

INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF STUDY Work Related stress is a major causa of employees low productivity in an organisation. Encarta dictionary defines stress as wrinkle felt by somebody mentally, physically, emotionally which may precedent symptoms as raised blood pressure direct and depression. It is important to recognise and address properly job-related stress because it badly affects the employees mental and physiological health. As there is so many resources for employees to perform excellent in their jobs but there are also some performers that hinder their performance. These factors lead to their performance negatively.Newman and Behr (1979) defined job stress as a side wherein job-related factors interact with the courseer to change his or her psychological and or psychological condition such that the soulfulness is forced to deviate from normal functioning. Some reasons for stress at the workplace could be inability to run the demand of the job, building and maintaini ng an amiable relationship with colleagues, prudence of subordinate staff, imparting knowledge to others and taking whole kit and caboodle from them, excessive work pressure to meet deadlines, inability to be creative, change of job, sexual harassment.These kind of work related stress results in poor performance by members of the organization. Attison (2002) says stress is a major factor in up to 80% of all work-related injuries and 40% of workplace overturns. Despite tremendous advancement in science and technology and availability of various sources of luxury, majority of the workers in Ghana seem to be experiencing quiet to high degree of psychological stress in various spheres of their lives.Job related-stress is also a serious cause of mental health and health-related injuries. David and Cooper (1981) discovered that workplace stress has been increasingly quoted as the main cause of accidents, job dissatisfaction and other psychological illnesses like heart attack, alcoholi sm and hypertension. WORK RELATED STRESS Well-designed, organize and managed work is good for us but when insufficient attention to job design, work organisation and management has taken place, it can result in Work related stress.Work related stress develops because a soul is unable to cope with the demands being placed on them. Stress, including work related stress, can be a significant cause of illness and is known to be linked with high levels of sickness absence, staff turnover and other issues such as more errors. Stress can hit anyone at any level of the business and recent research shows that work related stress is widespread and is not confined to event sectors, jobs or industries.

Food Insecurity. Definition, Reasons, Causes and Status Essay

solid viands Insecurity. Definition, Reasons, Causes and Status - Essay ExampleIn the discussion, the focus will remain on reviewing what food insecurity denotes, what causes it and the consequences that accrue thereof. The discussion is based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed writings beginning with the definition and then discussing what causes it, and how it emerges in the developing world. Defining and Contextualizing nourishment Insecurity The Context of Food Security Since the 1970s, the term food insecurity has been differently used to refer to numerous related merely often diverse concepts. Yu, You, and Fan (2010) argue, there are various descriptions of food security plus the concepts of food security that have evolved, in the previous 30 years, to reflect the transformation in official policy thinking (p. 30). This variant understanding of food security and insecurity has been explored by Clay (2002) since the World Food Conference initiated a discussion of fo od security in the early 1970s, both at the field of study and international level. As shall emerge hereunder, food security encompasses questions of food supply, food availability, food price stability, geographic locations and typology of available food (Bernstein, rejoice and Johnson, 1992, pp. 34 - 71). However, to understand the term food insecurity, it is essential to first contextualize the term food security. According to the United Nations, food security should be defined as all volume at all times having both physical and economic access to the basic food they get hold of (Clay, 2002, p. 4). According to UN accedes, nearly 1 billion pot in the world today are not guaranteed that they can access, afford and always find adequate food. For these 2 billion heap, they may not be hungry and in critical need of food, but they cannot guarantee that they will have anything to eat tomorrow to sufficiently sustain their health. According to the Food and Agriculture Organizatio n (2013), a total of 842 million people in 20112013, or about one in eight individuals globosely, were anticipated to be suffering from continuing hunger, regularly not getting enough food to conduct an active life (7). While this figure is relatively lower when compared to the 868 million people reported between 2010 and 2012, and while the number of undernourished people has reduced with 17% from what was recorded between 1990 and 1992, food insecurity is still a major global problem. As such, they are insecure about the source of their requisite diets, where to find food, when and whether such food would be affordable when accessed (Curtis, Hubbard and Shepherd, 1988, 37). This context thus introduces the dynamics of food security, a complicated process determined by numerous factors from poverty levels to climatic conditions, from geography to governance, from education and awareness to culture (Grigg, 1993, p. 21 Curtis, Hubbard and Shepherd, 1988, p. 61 Bernstein, Crow and J ohnson, 1992, p. 69 Kent, 1984, p. 23). The key question, therefore, is about guarantee that food will be available when needed, as good as which type of food will be avai

Critical evaluation of the international Accounting Standard and Essay

Critical evaluation of the global Accounting Standard and Financial Reporting Standard that applied on BRITIVC plc - Essay Exampleinvestors and lenders.This newspaper publisher specifically aims at the critical evaluation of the divulge financial information provided in the financial statements of Britvic Plc. Those key items argon 1) Revenues, 2) Property, Plant and Equipment, 3) Earnings per share. These key items are evaluated in the light of their relevant accounting standards as to check whether these areas are consistent with providing the useful information to the lenders and investors. The following discussion and evaluation highlights these specific areas on separate basis so that each individual key accounting area can be judged regarding the achievement of IAS and IFRS objective (IFRS and IAS Summaries- English, 2011-2012).IAS 18 covers revenue recognition for the preparation of financial statements. The major criterion for recognizing the revenues is the exchange of r isks and rewards between the parties to the sales contract. Seller transfers the risks associated with the selling item in response to a reward genuine from the buyer. When risks and rewards are transferred to the concerned parties, the revenues are deemed to be recognized by the selling entity. As far as the disclosure requirements of IAS 18 are concerned, minimal disclosure are required such as the kernel revenue generated during the current period along with comparative figure of the last year (BDO, n.d.).If the financial statements of Britvic Plc. are accounted for the year 2012, it can be clearly observed from the statement of comprehensive income that the company has generated the revenues of around 1,256 million. In the previous year, the company had upward revenues of around 1,290 million. From the perspective of disclosure requirements, the company has provided the appropriate disclosure requirements in the statement of comprehensive income (Annual Report Britvic Plc., 20 12).Besides this disclosure requirement of IAS 18, certain other requirements relating

The hypothesis relationship between five perpectives Thesis

The hypothesis relationship amid five perpectives - Thesis ExampleA perceptive approach to socio-technical processes responsible for such mishaps led to explorations concentrating on proximal incidents and on finding flaws in the organisation. In order to safeguard the organization, seven hypotheses have been intentional to enhance guard duty measures required for the success of organization as well as for the mental heartsease of those associated with it, since natural rubber management is the most imperative step for the fortification of individuals and their belongings (Mearns, Whitaker and Flin, 2003).The hypotheses designed involve safety management and leading as the foremost step. The hypotheses encompass the identification of safety measures in an organization or workplace. Philosophy of safety involves the appropriate management of the system to protect people from witnessing any accident. Philosophy of safety management focuses primarily on the safety of objectives it is the basis of all safety measures in the system. Philosophy tie in with the safety of organization involves directives for safety in lead and management encompassing organizational safety, safety of study and training, safety of policies and processes, workforce safety culture, and safety performance. Therefore, safety of management and leadership lays the foundation of safety in organizational process and working culture and sets the proclamations to be followed to establish and maintain safe working purlieu under the legal standards (Mearns, Whitaker and Flin, 2003).However, the philosophy of organization safety varies, as every organization adopts different leadership approaches and outlooks the management of the organization also adopts certain safety situations for people belonging to different backgrounds and ethnic communities. They behold safety based on their priorities.Effectual defence from professional hazards is directly related to excellent leadership and safety measures provided by the

Logical Forms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Logical Forms - Essay ExampleManjoo as well thinks that the proposition is contradictory in its idea that it is possible to prohibit big internet gain providers from prioritizing their service to their affiliates and maintain internet openness at the same time. He is cynical to the efficacy of FCCs design and is almost sure it go forth non deliver on what it promises (Majoo, 2014).According to this phrase, the attempt by the FCC is not important and it is set for confusion. This is evident in the articles argument that the commissions proposition is trying to safeguard the openness of the internet but the internet has always been open. There is an underlying discount that the attempt is therefore futile and it will do more harm than good. The article presents FCCs proposal as confusing by asserting that it is presenting its proposal as leading to a win-win situation. The article implies that it will not be possible for the commissions proposal to please both sides. The evide nce that the article provides to support its claim that the proposal is futile is quite on point because since its inception, the Internet has always operated on an open-for-all basis. That notwithstanding, this evidence fails to factor in the incidences and possibility of big internet providers dealing unfairly and in a way that can cripple this openness. The same cannot be said about the articles chiding of the melt by the commission to invite the public to help decide on the best exemplar for its proposal (Majoo, 2014).The article presents FCCs invitation for public comment on its proposal as unproductive. To criticize this move appropriately, the article uses the analogy of the Interior Department requesting for public opinion on how to run the Hoover Dam. The early(a) warrant that the article provides to indicate the unproductiveness of this move is to parallel the ease of consumers telling their