Art History Slide Notes

Venus of Willendorf fread-only memory Willendorf, Austria 28,000 25,000 BCE Limest unrivaled Naturhistorisches Museum, capital of Austria Paleolithic representation of a woman female anatomy is hyperbolize serves as a fertility image no facial features, further hair/hat freestanding sculpture Statuettes of 2 worshipers from the Square tabernacle at Eshnunna (Tell Asmar), Iraq 2700 BCE (early dynastic/Sumerian) Soft gypsum and inlaid with shell + black slaked limestone Iraq Museum, capital of Iraq represent mortals praying tiny beakers were used in religious rites men bear belts + fringed skirts + guide beard + shoulder-length hair women wear long robes heads huckster upwards with large open eyes non proportionate, eyes= in like manner big and dies=too small falsify-headed lyre from tomb789 ( powerfulnesss Grave), Royal Cemetery, Ur (Tell Muqayyar), Iraq 2600 BCE Bulls head = gold leaf over a woody core Hair, beard = overlapis lazuli University of Pennsylvania Mus eum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia sound board depicts a hero grasping animals that look human, serving at a banquet + playing music Spotted horse+ negative handprint rom Pech Merle, France 22,000 BCE (Paleolithic) Wall painting (cave) negative hand imprints horse in pen Hall of the Bulls from Lascaux, France 15,000 13,000 BCE (Paleolithic) coloured and non-coloured silhouettes Wall painting of horses, rhinos, aurochs from Chauvet Cave, Vallon-Pont-dArc, France 30,000 28,000 BCE oldest cave paintings groundbrea baron features (overlapping animal horns) Bird Headed Man with Bison from Lascaux, France 15,000 13,000 BCE Paleolithic depicts a possible catch scene early example of a storeyVictory stele of Naram-Sin from Susa, Iran 2254 2218 BCE (Akkadian empire) Pink sandstone Louvre, Paris mightiness defeats his enemies one has spear through throat, one begs for mercy, one thrown off cliff 3 stars=3 divinitys place structure of scale is used to emp hasize kings absolute power and influence he is the focal point b/c he wears horned efflorescence (signifies divinity) + larger + leads army (who look at him for guidance) up the mountain + in profile diagonal tiers, relief sculpture narrative Stele of Hammurabi from Susa, Iran 1780 BCE (Babylonian) BasaltLouvre, Paris top = relief of Hammurabi with sunniness-god, Shamash Hammurabi salutes Shamash, hand up and is qualified to rule as he is given permission from Shamash one of the archetypical examples employing foreshortening (representation at an angle) e. g. Shamashs beard = series of diagonal lines Palette of King Narmer (back) from Hierakonpolis, Egypt 3000 2920 BCE (Predynastic) Slate Egyptian Museum, Cairo relief carving utilitarian mark carried eye makeup which was also used to protect eyes from sun circle stands for union of Upper + Lower EgyptKing of Narmer = detailed, largest, calve muscles, directional lines lead up to him, wears a crown, has a beard, has a n aggressive pose, holds a baton, has a bulls tail, wears decorated kilt Horus Kings protector/falcon organized into registers very flat, linear Palette of King Narmer (front) 2 heads of a cow (top) with womans face = identified as goddess hieroglyphic represent Narmers name narrative art King Narmer have Upper + Lower Egypt Khafre enthroned (Statue of Khafre) from Gizeh, Egypt 520 2494 BCE (4th Dynasty) Old nation Diorite hardest stone to sculpt Egyptian Museum, Cairo idealistic portrait carved for the pharaohs valley synagogue and for the king to reside in, in case the mummy disintegrates king sits firm/rigidly upright on throne (fused) bare-chested, detailed kilt, feet placed firm on the ground, right hand fisted, false beard attached, royal linen paper nemes headdress with the uraeus cobra of kingship on the front, looking strong and young (regardless of age), calm, head lean s lightsomely upwards might have held omething important in his handa symbol that show s Khafre=king thrones legs show intertwined genus Lotus and papyrus plants (which happen to be symbolic of the united Egypt) falcon sits on the back of his head with its wings around for protection. falcon=Horus perfectly symmetrical, flawless, well-developed, powerful body to show that he was a divine ruler statues function was to make sure it remaindered for eternity, so no break satisfactory part Menkaure and Khamerernebty from Gizeh, Egypt 2490 2472 BCE (4th Dynasty) Graywacke Museum of Fine Arts, Boston double-portrait, high-relief sculpture, contained sculpture she holds onto him, signifies that they are married carved for Menkaures valley temple Menkaure is rigidly frontal, his arms lie neat and fold to his well- built body, has clenched fists, even with left foot forward body waistcloth rigid, physique is idealistic, short beard Khamerernebtys right arm encircles the kings waist, left hand rests on his left arm, clothing is light to show female form both look out into space, not at each other function to show the timeless temperament of the stone statue that was also designed to provide an eternal substitute radixNefertiti bust by Thutmose from Amarna, Egypt 1353 1335 BCE (18th Dynasty) freshly Kingdom Painted limestone Agyptisches Museum, Berlin Nefertiti (Akhenatons wife) has contemplation of entranced musing + sensitivity + delicacy work, unfinished b/c of missing left pupil long curved neck ratio long crown, broken right ear portrayed as svelte beauty, symmetrical found in Thutmoses workshop purpose? Thutmoses model Akhenaton, Nefertiti, 3 daughters from Amarna, Egypt 1353 1335 BCE (18th Dynasty) New Kingdom Limestone Agyptisches Museum, Berlin sunken relief cosy family portrait = bracing, never been done before undulating curves replace rigid lines figures ingest prominent bellies (characteristic of Amarna period) family bask in life-giving rays of the Sun (Aton, the sun disk) liking = informal, anecdotal Akhenaton lifts 1 daughter to kiss, one sits one Nefertitis lap who gestures toward father, youngest one reaches to touch pendant on mothers crown flowing scarves suggest wind Innermost coffin of Tutankhamen, from his tomb from Thebes, Egypt 1323 BCE (18th Dynasty) New Kingdom Gold with inlay of enamel + semiprecious stone Egyptian Museum, Cairo tomb contained sculpture, furniture, jewelry mummy within the innermost of 3 coffins dressed in official regalia, nemes headdress, fake beard effects of masquerade party and tomb treasures express power, pride, wealth innermost coffin gold, portrays pharaoh as Osiris (god of inferno/ afterlife) Egyptians enjoyed life loved to eat + drink loved and embraced life believed afterlife = important evolved and made their gods (sun gods) left behind artworks to show that the kings were to exist incessantly in the afterlife majority = farmers had intimate relationships with Gods preserved bodies made good tombs that preserved mate rials wore jewellery to look good, loved precious stones would never have bothered to live in Egypt if it werent for the Nile believed that they would have a straight narrow path like the Nile believed that people have spirit warmheartedness kingdom disintegrated, Egyptians were invaded by the Hyksos (shepherd kings) with chariots + horses, but were later overthrown by Ahmose Ahmose = 1st king of the 18th Dynasty (first to call Pharaoh), ushered in the New Kingdom, in which borders were extended and new capital, Thebes (in Upper Egypt)became a luxurious metropolis with palaces, tombs, temples have ceremonial repast/feast/banquet at the deceased tomb 1/ family purpose?Commune with deadFacts about Egypt houses = mud brick and were made to not last Nile river (longest river on Earth) floods 1 a year desert = sand, dry no rainfall for decades rich mud = good for growing plants ultimate god Re = is the Sun, creates dry land, creates life by ejaculating/spitting, creates gods of dryness/ pissedness only flush people could afford mummification between the Old and Middle kingdom, Egypt was in a state of civil unrest rock-cut tombs were characteristic and became popular during the marrow kingdom, even replaced the mastaba as standard Egyptian tomb temples were built to honour pharaohs, gods long narrow passageways = characteristic of Egyptian temples (eg, Hatshepsut + Amen-Re) successful capture = metaphor for triumphing over death + disorder, which ensured a happy existence in the afterlife King Tut died at 18 NEW KINGDOM temple of Hatshepsut, Ramses, Amen-ReOld kingdom = pyramids Middle kingdom = rock-cut tombs New kingdom = temples Predynastic purpose former(a) Dynastic Period Old Kingdom (3,4 dynasty) Middle Kingdom (11-14) New Kingdom (18,19)Old stone age (Paleolithic period) Sumerian (3500-2340 BCE) Akkadian (2340-2180 BCE) Babylonian (2125-1750 BCE) mastabah an Egyptian tomb made of brick/stone that is rectangular in subject shap e with sloping sides, featuring a chapel with a false door. Some include a serdab a small room that housed a statue of the deceased elonging to take into next world portrait sculpture he who keeps alive seashore exam Title, Artist, Date, Period, Medium. Be able to analyze style + significance, be able to compare MINOANS No big statues, no ideas that there were kings, built palaces on slopes, bull-leaping ceremonies, typical to have columns with cut stone bottoms, artists variegated on wet plaster (fresco) which has the advantage of a picture staying on the wall, Minoans adored character , 2 key elements Minoan art line and color.Unlike the Egyptians who painted in fresco secco (dry fresco), Minoans painted on a white lime plaster and used a true (wet) fresco. Volcanic eruption on Thera (Cyclades), 4. 12 big eyes, holds snake, skirt has folds, snakes didnt come from Crete, came from Asia Minor. Unlike Egypt, no temples/ monumental statues of gods, kings, or monsters have been f ound in Minoan Crete, Minoan sculptures ordinarily small in size, Proto geometric Geometric Oritentalizing Archaic Early classical High clausal Late classical Hellenistic